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  【摘要】 目的 探讨父母教养方式与初中生焦虑、抑郁问题的关系,为减轻初中生的负面情绪和提高心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用Spence儿童焦虑量表中文版、流调中心用抑郁量表、父母教养方式问卷等测查工具,对某省会城市1506名初中生进行调查。结果 母亲在过分保护和提供有效帮助2个维度上显著高于父亲;父母教养方式与焦虑、抑郁总分相关显著;方差分析结果显示,4种类型的父母教养方式对焦虑、抑郁影响差异有统计学意义。过度保护、苛刻要求和亲子疏离会加重子女情绪问题;母亲不合理的教养方式尤其会加重初中生的焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪。结论 父母教养方式都合理是初中生良好情绪的重要保证。父母应花更多的时间培养亲子关系,减少对子女的过度保护和不合理要求。

 【关键词】 教育;方法;焦虑;抑郁;学生

 【中图分类号】 R 395.6 B 842.6 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2010)08-0926-02

 Correlation of Parental Rearing Patterns and the Problem of the Anxiety and Depression of the Junior Middle School Students/YANG Zhi-hui*, WANG Rui-min, WANG Jian-ping.*Department of Psychology,School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing (100191),China

 【Abstract】 Objective To explore the relationship between parental rearing patterns and the problem of the anxiety and depression of the junior middle school students and to provide reference for reducing their negative emotion and promote mental health. Methods The Chinese Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale and the parental rearing pattern questionnaire were administrated to a sample of 1 506 junior middle school students. Results The mothers' overprotection and providing assist were higher than the fathers', the parental rearing patterns were divided into four categories, the parental rearing patterns were correlated with the anxiety and depression. There was significantly different in the anxiety and depression of the four categories parental rearing patterns. The overprotection, rigorous require and keep distance with children will aggravate children's emotion problem. The mothers' unreasonable rearing patterns will aggravate children's emotion problem especially. Conclusion The parental rearing patterns are both reasonable is the important condition of positive emotion. The parents should cost more time to cultivate parent-child relationship and reduce overprotection, rigorous require.

 【Key words】 Education;Methods;Anxiety;Depression;Students

 【基金项目】 中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助(BLRW 200944和BLRW 2010-16)。

 【作者简介】 杨智辉(1981- ),男,江西省人,博士,讲师,主要从事健康和临床心理学及儿童青少年行为问题研究工作。

 【作者单位】 1 北京林业大学人文学院心理学系,北京 100191;2 北京师范大学心理学院。

 焦虑是指个体由于不能达到目标或不能克服障碍、威胁,使自尊心和自信心受挫,或使失败感和内疚感增加而形成的一种紧张、不安、带有恐惧的情绪状态[1-2] ......