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图åƒå¼•导放疗技术下癌症治疗质é‡ä¿è¯å’Œè´¨é‡æŽ§åˆ¶çš„研究进展

  [摘è¦] å›½å†…æ¶æ€§è‚¿ç˜¤æ‚£è€…ç—…ä¾‹æ•°è¶Šæ¥æ„ˆå¤šï¼Œæ­»äº¡çŽ‡ä¹Ÿå±…é«˜ä¸ä¸‹ã€‚æ”¾å°„æ²»ç–—æ˜¯ç›®å‰æ²»ç–—癌症的三大有效方å¼ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼Œæ”¾ç–—环节中的质é‡ä¿è¯å’Œè´¨é‡æŽ§åˆ¶å¯¹äºŽæé«˜è‚¿ç˜¤æ‚£è€…的治愈率有é‡è¦çš„作用,先进的图åƒå¼•导下的放疗技术能够在治疗过程中准确的核定治疗的ä½ç½®ï¼Œä¿è¯å‰‚é‡æŠ•å°„çš„ç²¾åº¦ï¼Œè¾ƒå¤§ç¨‹åº¦çš„æé«˜äº†è‚¿ç˜¤æ‚£è€…çš„æ²»ç–—æ•ˆæžœã€‚åŒæ—¶æ”¾ç–—计划的二维åŠä¸‰ç»´æ¨¡ä½“剂é‡éªŒè¯ä¹Ÿæ˜¯è´¨é‡ä¿è¯çš„é‡è¦éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œå…¶åœ¨ä¸€å®šç¨‹åº¦ä¸Šç¡®ä¿æ”¾ç–—物ç†å¸ˆè®¾è®¡çš„æ”¾ç–—剂é‡ä¸Žç›´çº¿åŠ é€Ÿå™¨å‡ºæŸçš„剂é‡èƒ½ç›¸å¯¹ä¸€è‡´ã€‚如何精确有效地ä¿è¯æ”¾ç–—å„çŽ¯èŠ‚ä¸­çš„æ²»ç–—è´¨é‡æ˜¯æ”¾å°„治疗界的é‡ç‚¹ç ”ç©¶æ–¹å‘ã€‚æœ¬æ–‡ä¸»è¦æŽ¢è®¨ç›®å‰æ”¾å°„治疗中图åƒå¼•å¯¼æŠ€æœ¯å®žæ–½åŠæ”¾ç–—计划剂é‡éªŒè¯ä¸­çš„è´¨é‡ä¿è¯ä¸ŽæŽ§åˆ¶ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶é’ˆå¯¹æ—¥æ–°æœˆå¼‚的设备与技术,探索新的放疗质é‡ä¿è¯æŽªæ–½ã€‚

 [关键è¯] 图åƒå¼•导;肿瘤放疗;剂é‡éªŒè¯;è´¨é‡ä¿è¯;è´¨é‡æŽ§åˆ¶

 [中图分类å·] R734.2 [文献标识ç ] A [文章编å·] 1673-9701(2019)13-0163-06

 [Abstract] The number of cases of malignant tumors in China is increasing, and the mortality rate is also high. Radiation therapy is one of the three effective ways to treat cancer. Quality assurance and quality control of the radiotherapy play an important role in improving the cure rate of cancer patients. The advanced image-guided radiotherapy technology can accurately verify the position of the treatment during the treatment process, ensure the accuracy of the dose projection, and greatly improve the treatment effect. At the same time, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional phantom dose verification of the radiotherapy plan is also an important part of the quality assurance, which ensures that the radiotherapy dose designed by the radiotherapy physicist is relatively consistent with the dose of the linear accelerator. How to accurately and effectively ensure the quality of treatment in all aspects of radiotherapy is the key research direction of the radiotherapy community. This article mainly discusses the current quality assurance and control in the image-guided technology implementation and dose verification in radiotherapy, and explores new radiotherapy quality assurance measures for the ever-changing equipment and technology.

 [Key words] Image guidance; Tumor radiotherapy; Dose verification; Quality assurance; Quality control

 2018å¹´å…¨çƒç™Œç™¥ç»Ÿè®¡æ•°æ®æŠ¥å‘Šäº†185个国家中的36类癌症的å‘病率与死亡率,其中全çƒå…¨å¹´æ–°å‘癌症病例1810万,亚洲区域å è¿‘一åŠï¼Œç™Œç—‡æ­»äº¡æ‚£è€…约960万,亚洲区域å è¿‘70%ã€‚è‚ºç™Œä¾æ—§æ˜¯å‘病率(11.6%)与死亡率(18.4%)æœ€é«˜çš„æ¶æ€§è‚¿ç˜¤ï¼Œå…¶æ¬¡å‘病率最高的为乳腺癌(11.6%),死亡率最高为结直肠癌(9.2%)。中国的癌症数æ®åœ¨2018年统计中å‘病率与死亡率å å…¨çƒæœ€é«˜ï¼Œæ–°å¢žç—…例380.4万例,死亡病例229.6万[1]ã€‚æ”¾å°„æ²»ç–—æ˜¯ç›®å‰æ²»ç–—å¤šç§æ¶æ€§è‚¿ç˜¤çš„é‡è¦æ–¹å¼ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼Œçº¦50%~70%çš„ç™Œç—‡æ‚£è€…éœ€æŽ¥å—æ”¾å°„治疗,放疗效果也得到医学界的广泛认å¯[2-4]。但在放射治疗过程中,ä¸ä»…需è¦è€ƒè™‘æ¶æ€§è‚¿ç˜¤é¶åŒºå¾—到充分的治疗,且需è¦å¯¹é‡è¦å™¨å®˜åŠ ä»¥ä¿æŠ¤ã€‚è‚¿ç˜¤æ”¾å°„æ²»ç–—çš„æ ¹æœ¬ç›®çš„æ˜¯ç»™äºˆè‚¿ç˜¤é¶åŒºè¶³å¤Ÿé«˜çš„æ²»ç–—剂é‡ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶ä½¿å‘¨è¾¹æ­£å¸¸ç»„织和器官(Organs at risk,OAR)çš„å—照射剂é‡å°½é‡é™ä½Žï¼Œä»Žè€Œæé«˜è‚¿ç˜¤æ²»ç–—的局部控制率,é™ä½Žå±åŠå™¨å®˜çš„æ”¾ç–—副å应[5-6]ã€‚ç›®å‰æ”¾ç–—æŠ€æœ¯ä¸æ–­ç²¾è¿›ï¼Œä»ŽäºŒç»´é€‚形到广泛应用的图åƒå¼•导的三维弧形旋转调强åŠèžºæ—‹æ–­å±‚放疗等,放疗精度越æ¥è¶Šé«˜ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶æ”¾ç–—设备更新æ¢ä»£ä¹Ÿé€æ¸æé«˜äº†å‰‚釿 ‡å‡†ã€‚本文主è¦é’ˆå¯¹å›¾åƒå¼•导的肿瘤放射治疗技术åŠç›¸å…³æ”¾å°„设备的质é‡ä¿è¯å’Œè´¨é‡æŽ§åˆ¶è¿›è¡Œè®¨è®ºï¼Œæ—¨åœ¨æé«˜æ”¾å°„治疗整个实施æµç¨‹ä¸­çš„安全性认识,ä¿è¯ç™Œç—‡æ‚£è€…治疗的精确性,尽å¯èƒ½é™ä½Žæ”¾ç–—带æ¥çš„æ¯’副å应,进一步改善患者的治疗效果和预åŽã€‚

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